Rhinosinusitis is among the most prevalent respiratory infections occurring both in children and adults. The disease characteristically presents with nasal obstruction and discharge, pain or pressure and tenderness in the face, decreased sense of smell, and coughing. Based on the duration of symptoms, the type of nasal secretion, and the natural course of the disease, it can be classified into three types: acute viral rhinosinusitis, acute post-viral rhinosinusitis, and bacterial rhinosinusitis. Recommended non-pharmacological interventions in affected patients include maintaining adequate hydration and ensuring access to fresh moist air. Patients can also benefit from symptomatic therapy with antipyretics, anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, mucosal decongestants and anti-secretion agents. Antibiotic treatment is indicated only for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. In Poland, the first-line antibiotic therapy is based on high doses of amoxicillin. Second-line antibiotics include cefuroxime axetil, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and anti-pneumococcal fluoroquinolones. The treatment should last 10 days. Cefuroxime axetil is an effective and safe antibiotic in the treatment of patients with rhinosinusitis. The drug is used primarily when first-line therapy proves unsuccessful, and always in cases of non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins. The development of symptoms indicative of sinusogenic, orbital or intracranial complications requires the initiation of systemic treatment in the hospital setting.