Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a systemic infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes. It is spread by the bites of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes which inhabit forest plants in the northern hemisphere, including western Asia and Europe. In the classic course of Lyme disease, the most common early manifestations include erythema migrans, a circular red skin rash around the tick bite, and general symptoms. The most prevalent clinical manifestation of late disease is neuroborreliosis. The migration of urban residents to regions endemic to ticks of the genus Ixodes which are vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi increases the risk of neuroborreliosis in all children regardless of their place of residence, especially during the summer and early autumn. The absence of characteristic manifestations in the first stage of the disease, shortly after the tick bite, involving typical skin lesions and systemic symptoms, may result in delayed diagnosis and initiation of causal treatment. In adult patients, the disease appears typically as meningoradiculoneuritis. In children, common manifestations associated with late-stage Lyme disease are meningitis and cranial nerve palsy including peripheral facial nerve palsy. Symptoms of neuroborreliosis are uncommon in the early stage of the disease. Facial nerve palsy can be a diagnostic symptom of multiple nervous system disorders, including infectious diseases. Neuroborreliosis is a form of Lyme disease that affects the structures of the nervous system, and may present as peripheral facial nerve palsy. Consequently, children with peripheral facial nerve palsy should undergo diagnostic work-up for Borrelia burgdorferi infection also in cases without typical erythema migrans in the early stage of the disease.