Diverticulosis of colon is the state of having diverticula in the colon, which are sac-like, outpocketings (protrusion) of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the colon wall. These are more common in the sigmoid colon which is a common place for increased intracolon pressure. Diverticular disease – symptomatic form of diverticulosis – is one of the most prevalent medical conditions to affect Western populations and its prevalence increases with age up to 65% in 85 years old population. As our elderly population grows, we can anticipate a concomitant rise in the number of patients with diverticular disease. But the number of young people with this illness increased last time. The etiopathogenesis of colonic diverticulosis remains unclear. It is hypothesized that the main factor responsible for diverticulum development is a diet poor in fibre. Probably it is connected with “Western” life style. Although diverticula are often asymptomatic, their presence is associated with possible complications, such as diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticular colitis. Symptomatic diverticular disease can range from mild, low-level symptomatology similar to that seen in irritable bowel syndrome to acute bouts of diverticulitis complicated by abscess or frank perforation. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical presentations of diverticular disease, and then propose recommendations regarding appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies supported by the best available current evidence.