Primary hypertension (PHT) is increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. There is usually a prehypertension or the first stage of the hypertension. As in adults it is associated with obesity, lifestyle and family having the disease. Organ complications states in more than 40% of the children already at the time of diagnosis of the disease. In PHT therapy important role take up non-pharmacological proceedings related to the modification of lifestyle and health-related behaviours. It is used in children with recognized prehypertension as the only form of therapy, but in confirmed hypertension as a complementary treatment. Not easy process of changing the lifestyle requires cooperation of health professionals with patients and their families. A special role in the non-pharmacological proceedings should take a nurse because of the direct and continuous contact with patient and their guardians. Detailed monitoring of people with recognized hypertension and prehypertension is necessary. It is also important to promote healthy lifestyle, early identification children’s risk of cardiovascular system diseases and taking up adequate interventions in appropriate time. In this paper rules of overweight/obesity (dietary changes, physical activity), sleep irregularities, behaviour disorders (type A behaviour) prophylaxis and treatment has been described. Also the negative impact on the development of the PHT by stimulants which adolescents use has been highlighted. Rules of the cooperation between nurse and PHT affected, which is crucial for effectiveness of decisions taken, has been shown. Necessity for health education in educational institutions and after – school activities has been underlined as well.