The aim of this paper is to review the relationship between the prevalence of atopic disease and exposure to respiratory infection. Mucosal inflammation in asthma is present from the beginning of the disease and is even seen in patients with allergic rhinitis predisposed to asthma. In other hand, a viral infection may be the immediate cause for an asthma exacerbation. Rhinoviruses infections are common and can be transmitted easily, leading to an asthma exacerbation. The peak of the epidemic asthma hospitalisation is synchronized with school return after the summer vacation. Children returning to school after the summer vacation are re-exposed to respiratory viral infections, most commonly rhinoviruses aetiology. The infections of the upper respiratory tract are one of the most common health problems in preschool and school children. Recurrent respiratory tract infections are demanding medical consultation and diagnosis of the causes. These infections have a lot reasons and the risk factors. Therefore it is important to administer antibiotics only in necessary cases. Specific vaccine play role in prevention of the bacterial infections. Immunostimulatory drugs presume to prevent respiratory tract infections.