E-cigarettes were initially developed to aid smoking cessation, evolving from basic cigarette-like devices to more advanced versions. However, despite bans and restrictions, they remain easily accessible to young individuals and contribute to addiction. Studies show that early initiation of vaping in adolescents significantly increases the risk of eventually smoking conventional cigarettes, posing a serious public health problem. This review focused on analysing the harmful effects of electronic cigarettes on the respiratory system in adolescents through original articles and case reports. A total of 24 studies that focused on the effects of e-cigarettes on the respiratory system in adolescents were selected. The studies assessed the occurrence of respiratory system disorders, the impact on asthmatic adolescents, and the relationship between e-cigarette use and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Several studies have demonstrated that adolescents who use e-cigarettes are at an increased risk of experiencing respiratory symptoms. The pandemic has brought about changes in e-cigarette use among teenagers, including reduced use due to health concerns and limited access, as well as increased nicotine levels in response to stress and boredom. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to screen adolescents for e-cigarette use, educate them about the potential harm, and consider e-cigarettes as a possible cause of respiratory symptoms.