Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a lung disease that is the most common complication of prematurity and the most common chronic lung disease in neonates treated with mechanical ventilation and/or oxygen therapy. Children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at risk of cardiovascular complications, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The presented case concerns a premature infant born at 24 weeks gestation with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension, interstitial emphysema and emphysema. The patient was subject to non-standard therapeutic procedures including L-citrulline, which may have a beneficial effect on the treatment of complications of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite proper treatment, it is not always possible to avoid severe complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Currently, available therapies are not always fully effective and it is necessary to continue searching and implementing new treatments to lower the risk of infant death and minimise long-term complications.