Introduction: The continuous growth and aging of the population poses enormous challenges in maintaining the health of the entire world’s population, which is forecasted to exceed 9 billion by 2050. Diseases of the XXI century can be prevented by reducing risk factors and appropriate prophylaxis, which also includes supplementation. Aim: The aim of the study was to summarise data on the effects of coenzyme Q₁₀ on the course of chronic diseases and the aging process. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. Most of the articles published after 2012 were reviewed. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Decreased levels of coenzyme Q₁₀ and increased levels of oxidative stress have been found in the course of multiple chronic diseases. It seems logical that coenzyme Q₁₀ supplementation improves mitochondrial function and provides antioxidant protection to organs and tissues affected by various pathophysiological conditions. In addition to significantly improving cardiovascular and neurological functions, coenzyme Q₁₀ has also found a wide application in delaying skin aging processes. Conclusions: Coenzyme Q₁₀ is the third most commonly used dietary supplement in the world. The efficacy of coenzyme Q₁₀ in selected groups of patients has been confirmed in clinical trials. More research and clinical trials are needed with more participants undergoing longer-term supplementation to assess the benefits of coenzyme Q₁₀.