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Hypercalciuria caused by CYP24A1 mutation as the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections – a case report

Elżbieta Kuźma-Mroczkowska1, Agata Poźniak2, Karol Stachowicz2, Hanna Szymanik-Grzelak1, Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska1
Affiliation and address for correspondence
Pediatr Med Rodz 2019, 15 (4), p. 403–406
DOI: 10.15557/PiMR.2019.0069
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Abstract

Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic disorder leading to urolithiasis. The following factors are involved in its pathogenesis: environmental and dietary factors, kidney defects leading to excess loss of calcium in urine, conditions characterised by increased bone calcium resorption, and genetic mutations impairing vitamin D metabolism. The severity of hypercalciuria may vary, from vitamin D intoxication, through nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, hypercalciuria, to milder forms, which occur during vitamin D supplementation. Hypercalciuria may produce non-specific symptoms, such as erythrocyturia, haematuria, sterile leukocyturia, and urinary tract infections. We present a case of a 10-year-old girl with recurrent urinary tract infections. Following the exclusion of urinary tract defect and urinary bladder dysfunction, the patient was diagnosed with renal hypercalciuria. Genetic testing confirmed CYP24A1 mutation. Treatment with thiazides resulted in calciuria normalisation and resolution of recurrent urinary tract infections. Conclusions: Genetic hypercalciuria should be suspected in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

Keywords
CYP24A1 mutations, hypercalciuria, urinary tract infections

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