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Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child – a case report

Katarzyna Królikowska1, Błażej Benka1, Joanna Samotyjek2, Marianna Lichosik1, Katarzyna Jobs1
Affiliation and address for correspondence
Pediatr Med Rodz 2018, 14 (3), p. 319–323
DOI: 10.15557/PiMR.2018.0038
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Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that involves the kidney and occurs mainly in middle-aged women, but rarely in children. Its aetiology has not been elucidated completely. It is believed that the following factors may play a role in its development: an obstruction for urine flow, urolithiasis, inadequately treated urinary tract infection as well as venous and lymphatic drainage disorders. Poorly specific signs and symptoms delay the correct diagnosis by even several months. Kidney enlargement with nonspecific cysts and calcifications, and concomitant adjacent tissue reaction may be suggestive of a cancerous lesion. Computed tomography plays a vital role in imaging. It helps establish an initial diagnosis to be verified intraoperatively. The final diagnosis is made in a histopathological examination of the removed organ. The case presented herein illustrates the need to consider xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses.

Keywords
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal pseudotumour, kidney US, nephrectomy, children

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