Dariusz Czaprowski; Marcin Tyrakowski; Anna Dembińska; Jacek Lewandowski; Mateusz Kozinoga; Justyna Bloda; Łukasz Stoliński; Aleksandra Kolwicz-Gańko; Bolesław Kalicki; Agnieszka Kędra; Agnieszka Stępień; Dariusz Kossakowski; Paweł Piwoński; Piotr Murawski; Krzysztof Klukowski; Tomasz Kotwicki

doi:10.15557/PiMR.2024.0046

Screening recommendations for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis – consensus by a multidisciplinary Task Force at Committee for Rehabilitation, Physical Culture and Social Integration of Polish Academy of Sciences

Dariusz Czaprowski¹, Marcin Tyrakowski², Anna Dembińska³, Jacek Lewandowski⁴, Mateusz Kozinoga⁵, Justyna Bloda⁶, Łukasz Stoliński⁷, Aleksandra Kolwicz-Gańko¹, Bolesław Kalicki⁸, Agnieszka Kędra⁹, Agnieszka Stępień¹⁰, Dariusz Kossakowski¹¹, Paweł Piwoński¹², Piotr Murawski¹³, Krzysztof Klukowski¹⁴, Tomasz Kotwicki⁵

Affiliation and address for correspondence

¹ Department of Physiotherapy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

² Department of Spine Disorders and Orthopaedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland

³ Department of Rehabilitation, The Voivodeship Rehabilitation Hospital for Children in America, America, Poland

⁴ Department of Clinical Physiotherapy, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland

⁵ Department of Spine Disorders and Paediatric Orthopedics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

⁶ Fizjopedika Justyna Bloda, Warsaw, Poland

⁷ Spine Disorders Centre, Skierniewice, Poland

⁸ Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defence, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

⁹ Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland

¹⁰ Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

¹¹ Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma with Spinal Surgery, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

¹² Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland

¹³ ICT Department, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

¹⁴ Committee for Rehabilitation, Physical Culture and Social Integration of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

Correspondence: Dariusz Czaprowski, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, e-mail: dariusz.czaprowski@interia.pl

ORCID iDs

1. Dariusz Czaprowski https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-4322

2. Marcin Tyrakowski https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-8754

3. Jacek Lewandowski https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3417-2084

4. Mateusz Kozinoga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-9388

5. Łukasz Stoliński https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-5089

6. Aleksandra Kolwicz-Gańko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-7064

7. Bolesław Kalicki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-5100

8. Agnieszka Kędra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-4839

9. Agnieszka Stępień https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-8229

10. Paweł Piwoński https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-1851

11. Piotr Murawski https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0643-8893

12. Krzysztof Klukowski https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1297

13. Tomasz Kotwicki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-9361

Pediatr Med Rodz 2024; 20 (3): 294–303

DOI: 10.15557/PiMR.2024.0046

PlumX metrics:

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine with an unknown aetiology. Untreated idiopathic scoliosis may lead to trunk deformities that compromise body aesthetics, reduce chest wall mobility, and decrease physical capacity. Therefore, early detection of idiopathic scoliosis is crucial as it can minimise the risk of idiopathic scoliosis progression, and can eliminate the need for surgical treatment. In Poland, there is no standardised screening system for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of the study was to develop the recommendations for screening of idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and methods: Fifteen experts, including physiotherapists, physicians and physical education teachers, created a Team of Experts in order to develop recommendations. Team members were divided into three groups, each tasked with addressing the following issues: “How to screen?”, “Who and when to screen?”, and “Who should screen?”. The recommendations were evaluated using the Delphi technique and the nominal group technique in two areas: agreement and the strength of recommendations. Results: A total of 16 recommendations for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis were developed. Conclusions: 1. Screening should use reliable, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools and methods to minimise the risk of under- and overdiagnosis. Measurements of the angle of trunk rotation performed using a scoliometer meet the above criteria. 2. A recommended cut-off for angle of trunk rotation for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis should be ≥7°.

Keywords

recommendations, early detection, idiopathic scoliosis, scoliometer

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